1. MEASUREMENT

Story of transport, non-standard units of Measurements, Measuring the length of a Curved line, Measurement of length, area, volume and time. CGS and SI units of length, area, volume and time, Conversion of units from CGS to S.I and Vice versa.

2. MOTION

Describing Motion, Motion and Rest, Motion Along a Straight Line, Types of motion (Translatory, Rotatory and oscillatory), Scalars and vectors, Distance, Displacement, Speed, Velocity, Average speed, Average velocity, Acceleration, Graphical Representation of Motion, Distance-Time Graphs, Velocity-Time Graphs, Uniform Motion and Non- Uniform Motion, Equations of Motion, Uniform Circular Motion, Laws of Motion, Balanced and Unbalance Forces, First Law of Motion, Inertia and Mass, Momentum, Second Law of Motion, Third law of motion.

3. FORCE, FRICTION AND PRESSURE

Force – A Push or a Pull, Exploring Forces, Effect of Force on Objects, Types of forces (field force and contact force), Net force, Types of friction (static, Sliding and Rolling), Factors effecting Friction, Friction: A Necessary Evil, Increasing and Reducing Friction, Fluid friction, Pressure, Pressure Exerted by Liquids and Gases, Pressure of liquids at different depths, Atmospheric Pressure.

4. GRAVITATION

Uniform circular motion, Universal law of gravitation, Free Fall, Acceleration due to Gravity, Motion of Objects Under the Influence of Gravitational Force of the Earth, Mass and Weight, Thrust and Pressure, Pressure in Fluids, Buoyancy, Floating and Sinking Objects, Archimedes’ Principle.

5. WORK, ENERGY

Scientific Conception of Work, Work Done by a Constant Force, Energy, Forms of Energy, Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy, Mechanical Energy. Law of Conservation of Energy, Conversion of Energy from one form to another, Power and its units.

6. SOUND

Sound – a form of energy, Production of sound, Some musical instruments, Sound Needs a Medium for Propagation, Human ear, Hearing Impairment, Noise and Music, Propagation of Sound, Types of waves (longitudinal and transverse), Characteristics of sound waves (Wavelength, Frequency, Time period, Speed of the wave), Relation between frequency and time period, Pitch, Loudness and Quality, Intensity of Sound, Speed Of Sound in Different Media, Reflection of Sound, Echo, Reverberation, Uses of Multiple Reflection of Sound, Range of Hearing, Infrasonic and Ultrasonics, Applications of Ultrasound, Sound pollution.

7. HEAT

Heat and temperature, Transfer of Heat (Conduction, convection, radiation), Kinds of clothes we wear in summer and winter, Units of temperature (centigrade, Fahrenheit and Kelvin; Conversions), Expansion of liquids due to heat, Types of thermometers, Thermal equilibrium, Temperature and Kinetic energy, Specific Heat, Applications of Specific heat capacity, Principle of method of mixtures, Determination of Specific heat of a solid, Evaporation, Condensation, Humidity, Dew and Fog, Boiling, Latent heat of vapourisation, Melting, Latent heat of fusion, Freezing, Temperature- time graph.

8. LIGHT

Light, Transparent, Opaque and Translucent Objects, Shadows and Images, Rectilinear Propagation of Light, A Pinhole Camera, Regular and Diffused Reflection, Reflection of light by plane surfaces (laws of reflection, periscope, multiple images, kaleidoscope, Characteristics of image formed by plane mirrors), Spherical Mirrors and Images, Spectrum, Wave nature of light, Fermat principle, Sign convention, Refraction, Refraction of Light at Plane Surfaces, Refractive index, Absolute refractive index, Relative refractive index, Snell’s law, Critical angle, Total Internal Reflection, Applications of total internal reflection, Mirages, Optical fibres, Refraction Through a Glass Slab, Lateral shift, Vertical shift, Refraction of Light at Curved Surfaces, Lenses, Terminology used in the case of lenses -Focal length, Focus, Optic Centre, Principal axis, Radius of curvature, Centre of curvature, Focal plane, Behaviour of certain light rays when they are incident on a lens, Images formed by lenses for various distances of objects, UV method, Lens formula, Lens maker’s formula, Human Eye, Least distance of distinct vision, Angle of vision, Myopia, Hypermetropia, Presbyopia, Care of the Eyes, Braille System, Visually Impaired Persons, Power of lens, Refractive index of a Prism, Dispersion of light through prism, Sunlight-Dispersion, Rainbow, Scattering of light.

9. ELECTRICITY

Simple Electric circuit and its components, Conductors, Insulators, Type of cells (Dry and liquid), Electric symbols and uses, Series and parallel connection of cells and bulbs, Heating effects of Electricity, Understanding of CFL, Fuse and MCBs, Chemical Effects Of Electric Current, Good/Poor Conducting Liquids, Electroplating, Magnetic Effects of Electric Current, Electromagnet, Electric bell, Electric current, Drude and Lorentz theory, Potential difference and EMF, Drift velocity and working of a cell, Ohm’s law, Electric shock, Factors affecting the resistance, Series connection of resistors, Parallel Connection of resistors, Multi-meter, Kirchhoff’s laws, Sign convention in a circuit, Electric power, Power consumption, Electric energy, Overload.

10. MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM

How Magnets were discovered, Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Materials, Types of Magnets, Poles of Magnet, Properties of Magnets, Storing magnets safely, Magnetic compass, Earth as a Magnet, Magnetic Induction, Oersted’s experiment, Magnetic Field, Magnetic flux –Magnetic flux density, Magnetic field due to straight wire /circular coil/solenoid carrying current, Magnetic Force, Electric Motor, Electromagnetic induction, Faraday’s Law, Lenz Law, Applications of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, Induced current, Induced EMF, Electric generator, DC and AC currents, rms values.